Engineering Applications of Nanotechnology by Viswanatha Sharma Korada & Nor Hisham B Hamid

Author:Viswanatha Sharma Korada & Nor Hisham B Hamid
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

2 Nanofluid Preparation

2.1 Two-Step Method

This method is commonly used method for preparing nanofluids. In the very first step, chemical or physical methods are generally applied to produce dry powders of nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, or other nanomaterials. Next step involves the nanosized powder being dispersed into a fluid with the aid of intensive ultrasonic agitation, magnetic force agitation, high-shear mixing, ball milling, and homogenizing. The two-step method is the most economic method to develop nanofluids in large scale, because nanopowder synthesis techniques have already been scaled up to industrial production levels. On account of high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the proneness to aggregate. To ameliorate the stability of nanoparticles in fluids, use of surfactants is an important technique. However, for high-temperature applications, the functionality of the surfactants under high temperature is a big concern. The disadvantage of two-step method is the preparation of stable nanofluids, and to overcome this difficulty, many advanced techniques are developed to produce nanofluids, including one-step method which is given in detail below.

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